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1 underlie the relations
Дипломатический термин: лежать в основе отношенийУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > underlie the relations
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2 underlie the relations
Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > underlie the relations
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3 to underlie the relations
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to underlie the relations
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4 underlie
v (underlay, underlain) лежати в основі(чогось)- to underlie the relations лежати в основі відносин- the principles which underlie our policy принципи, що лежать в основі нашої політики -
5 underlie
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6 отношение отношени·е
1) attitudeбезучастное отношение — indifference, detached attitude
бережное отношение к людям — regard for / consideration for the people
добросовестное отношение к своим обязанностям — conscientious attitude to / towards one's duties
негативное / отрицательное отношение — negative attitude
непредвзятое / объективное отношение — unbias(s)ed attitude
непримиримое отношение — uncompromising / irreconcilable attitude (to)
пристраст ное отношение — partial / bias(s)ed attitude
формальное отношение — formal / conventional attitude
2) мн— relations, relationshipвосстановить отношения — to reestablish / to resume / to restore relations
запутать отношения — to muddle / to blur / to dim relations / relationship
испортить отношения — to damage / to upset relations
испортить отношения между странами — to harm / to damage relations between the countries
крепить / упрочить отношения — cement; relations
нанести ущерб отношениям — to damage / to harm / to impair / to upset relations
омрачать / портить отношения — to mar relations
перестраивать отношения — to recast / to restructure relations
поддерживать / сохранять отношения — to maintain relations
порвать / разорвать отношения — to break off / to disrupt / to rupture / to sever relations
улучшать отношения — to improve / to repair relations
установить отношения — to enter into / to establish relations
установить хорошие отношения с представителями прессы / с прессой — to cultivate reporters
взаимовыгодные отношения — mutually advantageous / beneficial relations
внешние отношения — external / foreign relations
враждебные отношения — hostility / hostile relations
денежные отношения — monetary / money relations
дипломатические отношения — diplomatic intercourse / relations
полные дипломатические отношения, в полном объеме — full diplomatic relations
акты об установлении дипломатических отношений — official papers on establishment of diplomatic missions
разрыв дипломатических отношений — breach / breaking off / rupture / severance of diplomatic relations
формальное установление дипломатических отношений — formal initiation / establishment of diplomatic relations
добрососедские отношения — good-neighbourly / good-neighbour relations
развивать добрососедские отношения — to develop good-neighbourly / good-neighbour relations
дружественные отношения — amicable / friendly relations
межгосударственные отношения — interstate / state-to-state relations
общепризнанные нормы межгосударственных отношений — generally recognized norms of relations between states
международные отношения — international intercourse, international / foreign relations
равноправные / справедливые международные отношения — equitable international relations
имитация / моделирование международных отношение — simulation of international relations
межнациональные отношения — interethnic relations, international relations
мирные / миролюбивые отношения — peace / peaceful relations
принцип многосторонних отношений (напр. торговых между несколькими странами) — multilateralism
напряжённые / натянутые отношения — tense / strained relations
совершенствование общественных отношений — perfecting / refinement of social relations
торговые отношения — trade / commercial relations
взаимовыгодные экономические отношения — mutually advatageous / beneficial economic relations
оздоровление международных экономических отношений — normalization of international economic relations
налаживание отношений — development of relations; (с избирателями, печатью и т.п.) fence-mending
отношения взаимовыгодного сотрудничества — relations of mutually advantageous / beneficial cooperation
отношения между странами значительно ухудшились — the relations between the countries are at a low ebb
отношения, построенные на страхе — relations built on fear
охлаждение в отношение ях — cooldown / chill in relations
содействовать / способствовать развитию отношений — to further / to promote relations
разрыв отношений — breaking off / rupture / severance of relations
в поисках / целях улучшения отношений — in pursuit of improved relations
ухудшение отношений — aggravation / deterioration in / of relations
3)4)в отношении чего-л. — in respect of smth.
во всех отношениях — in all respects / in every respect
по отношению к чему-л. — with respect to smth.
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > отношение отношени·е
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7 relation
n1. pl відносини2. зв'язок, контакт3. стосунки, взаємини- beneficial relations взаємовигідні відносини- bilateral relations двосторонні відносини- consular relations консульські відносини- diplomatic relations дипломатичні відносини- economic relations економічні відносини- equitable international relations справедливі/ рівноправні міжнародні відносини- foreign relations зовнішні відносини- friendly relations дружні відносини- full diplomatic relations дипломатичні відносини в повному об'ємі- good neighbourly relations добросусідські відносини- intergovernmental relations міжурядові відносини- interstate relations міждержавні відносини- multilateral relations багатосторонні відносини- mutually advantageous relations взаємовигідні відносини- normal relations нормальні відносини- peace(ful) relations мирні відносини- perturbed relations ускладнені відносини- press relations зв'язки з пресою- trade relations торгові відносини- relation of forces within the leadership співвідношення сил у складі керівництва- relations of mutual trust відносини взаємної довіри- relations of peace мирні відносини- relations among states відносини між державами- aggravation in/ of relations погіршення відносин- constructive development of relations конструктивний розвиток відносин- deterioration in/ of relations погіршення відносин- (dangerous) exacerbation of relations (небезпечне) загострення відносин- establishment of diplomatic relations встановлення дипломатичних відносин- mutually advantageous development of relations взаємовигідний розвиток відносин- normalization of relations нормалізація відносин- principles of relations принципи взаємовідносин- radical improvement in relations докорінне покращення/ оздоровлення відносин- reappraisal of relations переоцінка відносин- rectification of relations покращення відносин- restraint in relations стриманість у відносинах- restructuring of international economic relations перебудова міжнародних економічних відносин- rupture of relations розрив відносин- scope of relations масштаб/ розмах відносин- simulations of international relations імітація міжнародних відносин- stabilization of international relations стабілізація міжнародних відносин- state of relations стан відносин- study of international relations вивчення міжнародних відносин- theory of international relations теорія міжнародних відносин- to break off diplomatic/ consular relations розірвати дипломатичні/ консульські відносини- to build relations on appropriate scale будувати відносини з відповідним розмахом/ у відповідному масштабі- to build relations on a long-term basis будувати відносини на довготривалій основі- to cement relations укріпляти відносини- to damage relations завдати шкоди відносинам- to deepen relations поглиблювати відносини- to determine political relations among nations визначати міжнародні політичні відносини- to develop relations розвивати відносини- to dominate international relations домінувати у міжнародних відносинах- to enjoy good relations мати хороші відносини- to enter into consular/ diplomatic relations встановити консульські/ дипломатичні відносини- to enter into relations with other states вступати у відносини з іноземними державами- to establish consular/ diplomatic relations встановити консульські/ дипломатичні відносини- to exacerbate relations загострювати відносини- to further good neighbourly relations сприяти розвитку добросусідських відносин- to give greater stability to relations надати відносинам великої стабільності- to harm relations завдати шкоди відносинам- to have good relations мати хороші відносини- to impair relations завдати шкоди відносинам- to improve relations покращувати відносини- to interrupt diplomatic/ consular relations розірвати дипломатичні/ консульські відносини- to lay the foundations of relations закласти основи відносин- to maintain relations підтримувати відносини- to make relations diversified and stable надати відносинам різносторонності та стабільності- to muddle relations заплутати/ зіпсувати відносини- to normalize (diplomatic) relations нормалізувати (дипломатичні) відносини- to promote good neighbourly relations сприяти розвитку добросусідських відносин- to raise relations to a new level підняти відносини на новий рівень- to re-establish diplomatic relations відновити дипломатичні відносини- to repair relations покращувати відносини- to reshape relations змінити характер відносин- to resume diplomatic relations відновити дипломатичні відносини- to rupture diplomatic/ consular relations розірвати дипломатичні/ консульські відносини- to sever diplomatic/ consular relations розірвати дипломатичні/ консульські відносини- to shape the climate of international relations визначити клімат міжнародних відносин- to sour relations робити відносини натягнутими- to strain relations робити відносини напруженими- to suspend diplomatic relations призупинити дипломатичні відносини- to terminate diplomatic/ consular relations розірвати дипломатичні/ консульські відносини- to threaten a rupture of relations погрожувати розривом відносин- to underlie the relations лежати в основі відносин- relations have cooled відносини стали прохолодними -
8 лежать в основе отношений
Diplomatic term: underlie the relationsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > лежать в основе отношений
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9 лежать в основе
•The basis for the antibacterial effects of dyes is their ability to...
•Behind the Mullard invention is the notion that...
•Central to the theory is...
•Movement of charged particles in a magnetic field also forms (or constitutes) the basis for mass spectrometry.
•These equations form the basis (or foundation) of the theory of...
•These theories form (or provide) the foundation for (or are at the basis of) colour television.
•It is this form that provides the basis (or is fundamental) for a wide variety of TV antennas.
•Let us consider the physical conditions that underlie the Sun's magnetism.
•Boolean algebra underlies the theory of relations.
•Microcomputers are at the heart of "transaction" telephones for checking customers' credit.
•The general rule that the forces between two particles result from an exchange of other particles is basic to much of our present understanding of elementary-particle interactions.
•This distinction between electricity and magnetism is at the heart (or root) of the theory of...
•The Periodic Table provides the framework for the whole study of inorganic chemistry.
•Thermochemistry is basic to the study of chemical bonding.
•An understanding of dye laser operation is a building block for understanding the principles of other tunable laser systems.
•These interrelations are the heart of hydrodynamics.
•The chapter describes the fundamental physics that gives rise to the behaviour of the single junction and the transistor as circuit elements.
•The nature of energy lies at the heart of the mystery of our existence.
•This reaction is the basis for the cyanamide process for...
* * *Лежать в основе -- to be at the heart of, to lie at the heart of; to be at the root of; to be at the basis of, to form the basis of, to form the basis for; to form the foundation for; to underlieInference is al the heart of both language understanding and language generation.An accurate determination of primary flowrate lies at the heart of any turbine acceptance test.It is this particular approach that forms the basis of the dynamic testing technique described in this paper.Suppose that a single predicate underlies part of the meaning of each of the following sentences. (... лежит в основе части значения...)Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > лежать в основе
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10 лежать в основе
•The basis for the antibacterial effects of dyes is their ability to...
•Behind the Mullard invention is the notion that...
•Central to the theory is...
•Movement of charged particles in a magnetic field also forms (or constitutes) the basis for mass spectrometry.
•These equations form the basis (or foundation) of the theory of...
•These theories form (or provide) the foundation for (or are at the basis of) colour television.
•It is this form that provides the basis (or is fundamental) for a wide variety of TV antennas.
•Let us consider the physical conditions that underlie the Sun's magnetism.
•Boolean algebra underlies the theory of relations.
•Microcomputers are at the heart of "transaction" telephones for checking customers' credit.
•The general rule that the forces between two particles result from an exchange of other particles is basic to much of our present understanding of elementary-particle interactions.
•This distinction between electricity and magnetism is at the heart (or root) of the theory of...
•The Periodic Table provides the framework for the whole study of inorganic chemistry.
•Thermochemistry is basic to the study of chemical bonding.
•An understanding of dye laser operation is a building block for understanding the principles of other tunable laser systems.
•These interrelations are the heart of hydrodynamics.
•The chapter describes the fundamental physics that gives rise to the behaviour of the single junction and the transistor as circuit elements.
•The nature of energy lies at the heart of the mystery of our existence.
•This reaction is the basis for the cyanamide process for...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > лежать в основе
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11 Memory
To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)[Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of PsychologyIf a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat DiscouragingThe results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
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12 основа
сущ.base; basis; foundation; мн fundamentalsлежать в основе — to be (form) the basis (of); underlie
на взаимовыгодной основе — on a mutually advantageous (beneficial) basis; on the basis of mutual advantage (benefit)
на комиссионной основе — on a commission basis; on commission
на основе взаимной выгоды и равных преимуществ — on the basis of mutual advantage and equitable benefits
правовая основа дружественных отношений и сотрудничества между государствами — legal basis (foundation) for friendly relations and cooperation among states
- основы конституционного строяюридическая основа запрещения угрозы силой или её применения в международных отношениях — ( обоснование) juridicial (legal) basis of the ban on (prohibition of) the threat or use of force in international relations
- долгосрочная основа
- прочная основа
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